Participants: Rats with a critical-size femoral bone defect, filled with a decellularized bone matrix. The rats were divided into six groups.
Methods: Stereological analysis and gene expression levels of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) were determined during the anabolic and catabolic stages of bone healing.
Conclusion: The abstract does not provide specific results, but the study's purpose was to evaluate the combined effect of PBM, stem cells, and a scaffold on promoting bone healing.
